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krishnam70
05-05 04:16 PM
I still don't have my GC(based on an Engineering position) but took up a managerial position within the same organization.. IMO, its a risk worth taking.. If I were you, I would take the new position, switch over to EAD and not apply for the H1B extension..
If USCIS issues an RFE asking for 'Continued Employment offer' or Evidence of Employment? or for that matter when he applies for an EAD/AP renewal he needs to support it with a letter of employment from the current employer.
If at any stage USCIS determines the candidate is actually working in a different category that which the LCA was applied for my interpretation is its ground for denial.
I will leave it to the experts to argue the merits or demerits of this
Good luck though
- cheers
kris
If USCIS issues an RFE asking for 'Continued Employment offer' or Evidence of Employment? or for that matter when he applies for an EAD/AP renewal he needs to support it with a letter of employment from the current employer.
If at any stage USCIS determines the candidate is actually working in a different category that which the LCA was applied for my interpretation is its ground for denial.
I will leave it to the experts to argue the merits or demerits of this
Good luck though
- cheers
kris
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maristella61
04-20 12:42 PM
Why don`t you ask your Attorney about it since you are paying him and that`s his job to tell what documents he needs. ASK HIM.
I did and he says we will submit a copy of the Visa and just hope they do not request the approval letter.
I was just wondering how important an approval letter was if you have the visa stamped on the passport. That should be proof enough of legal status.
I did and he says we will submit a copy of the Visa and just hope they do not request the approval letter.
I was just wondering how important an approval letter was if you have the visa stamped on the passport. That should be proof enough of legal status.
rahulpaper
09-02 04:56 PM
If you like your current insurance and it has satisfactory service...you should just continue with same for that gap.
more info....
http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/health-plans/cobra.htm
I will be taking up a new job and I have been told by the new employer that, benifits will start after 30 days.
I presently have insurence through my employer. My understnading is that, insurence stops the day I leave the present employer. Now how do i handle the stop gap in insurence to be on safer side...??
Any help is appreciated...
more info....
http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/health-plans/cobra.htm
I will be taking up a new job and I have been told by the new employer that, benifits will start after 30 days.
I presently have insurence through my employer. My understnading is that, insurence stops the day I leave the present employer. Now how do i handle the stop gap in insurence to be on safer side...??
Any help is appreciated...
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perm2gc
10-20 12:11 PM
I would appreciate, if any of you can answer this question either through their personal experience or their knowledge.
I recently got my H1b visa renewed(& transferred) for 3 years based on a previous I-140 approved from my earlier job. I would like to get my H1b visa stamping done either at Mexico or Canada based on the current validity(for 3 years) of my H1b approval. If after stamping, I change companies will I need to get a new stamping to reflect the new company on my passport? If I don't need to get a new stamping, then if I travel to my home country and then return to US, will it cause a problem at the border post if my H1b approval paper shows a different company than that on the passport? Your advice in this regard would be greatly appreciated.
you dont have to re stamp visa if you have valid visa stamp in the passport..no matter how many companies you transfer during the period of time in visa stamp..
I recently got my H1b visa renewed(& transferred) for 3 years based on a previous I-140 approved from my earlier job. I would like to get my H1b visa stamping done either at Mexico or Canada based on the current validity(for 3 years) of my H1b approval. If after stamping, I change companies will I need to get a new stamping to reflect the new company on my passport? If I don't need to get a new stamping, then if I travel to my home country and then return to US, will it cause a problem at the border post if my H1b approval paper shows a different company than that on the passport? Your advice in this regard would be greatly appreciated.
you dont have to re stamp visa if you have valid visa stamp in the passport..no matter how many companies you transfer during the period of time in visa stamp..
more...
OLDMONK
07-08 08:49 PM
you can file 2 i140's.. ( I Have 4 in total)
I filed 2 (EB2 Eb3) based on my perm (already approved) and another set of EB2 EB3 based on my old labor (in process)
I filed 2 (EB2 Eb3) based on my perm (already approved) and another set of EB2 EB3 based on my old labor (in process)
Raj_2009
01-14 07:50 PM
Dear Experts,
Kindly take some time to read and pl. help me providing your expert advice which will make me take a clear decision.
I am working in a Company A currently(not yet resigned). My project got over by last december 31st and on bench with Company A now. They will also not process payroll/paycheck for this month as there is no billing for this month. But so far, i have not yet resigned and they are currently looking for a project for me to place me.
Meanwhile, I got a better placement with Company B and did AC21 with transferring my H1B. H1B visa also got approved with Company B. I started working for them for the last 3 days too.
Since my current company(A) might not like me moving out, I did not let them know until i started in the new company B. Current Company A has not laid me off and asked me to go on loss of pay vacation for this month which i did by sending mail. Now I want to resign after having moved to the company B(4 days overlap)
Questions :
1. Will this create any issue/affect me for being on 2 payroll(overlap) although Company A does not process pay for me this month? I am on I485 after I-140 approved stage.
2. Since I do not have any pay(bench) this month and after all, resigning in the same month, would it put me out of status From Jan1 - Jan 12?
3. I am going to India on vacation with New company Paystubs and I797. Will the US consulate in India look into this 12 days overlap/Gap?. I will have W2 for last year. Paystubs with Company A until Dec 31st and for new company only starting from Jan 12(11 days no pay (Jan 1 - 11) ).
4. Pl. let me know which situation I am in(overlap or Gap)?
Pl. advise me how to approach this situation as you might have commented on these kind of issues many times.
Thanks and Regards,
Raj
Dear Experts,
Kindly take some time to read and pl. help me providing your expert advice which will make me take a clear decision.
I am working in a Company A currently(not yet resigned). My project got over by last december 31st and on bench with Company A now. They will also not process payroll/paycheck for this month as there is no billing for this month. But so far, i have not yet resigned and they are currently looking for a project for me to place me.
Meanwhile, I got a better placement with Company B and did AC21 with transferring my H1B. H1B visa also got approved with Company B. I started working for them for the last 3 days too.
Since my current company(A) might not like me moving out, I did not let them know until i started in the new company B. Current Company A has not laid me off and asked me to go on loss of pay vacation for this month which i did by sending mail. Now I want to resign after having moved to the company B(4 days overlap)
Questions :
1. Will this create any issue/affect me for being on 2 payroll(overlap) although Company A does not process pay for me this month? I am on I485 after I-140 approved stage.
2. Since I do not have any pay(bench) this month and after all, resigning in the same month, would it put me out of status From Jan1 - Jan 12?
3. I am going to India on vacation with New company Paystubs and I797. Will the US consulate in India look into this 12 days overlap/Gap?. I will have W2 for last year. Paystubs with Company A until Dec 31st and for new company only starting from Jan 12(11 days no pay (Jan 1 - 11) ).
4. Pl. let me know which situation I am in(overlap or Gap)?
Pl. advise me how to approach this situation as you might have commented on these kind of issues many times.
Thanks and Regards,
Raj
Hi Gurus,
I did file I-140 & I-485 in Eb3 category (Labor substitution) through my old company during 2007 July. My desgination was software engineer with Old company. Now my I-140 is already approved(crossed 180 days) and moved to new big company through AC21 portablity mode during 2009 March. Now I am employed with new company in a senior systems engineer position. This is the typical AC21 case like everyone experienced.
Now My new company is ready to file green card
My Questions are ,
1. Can I file the EB2 LC for this new job in the new company(Senior systems engineer)? Does this qualify for the EB2 category? If it requires the company to have proper job description what is the eligible designtation for EB2 category, other than having BS degree with 5+ years progressive experience?
2. While filing EB2 for the same job that moved in to the new company, can I file AC21 for the EB3(applied from my old company) category as i moved to the new company after 180 days of I-140 approval?
3. Applying for AC21 for EB3 and new EB2 PERM together is valid or any risk involved in this typical case?
Kindly answer these questions.
Thanks,
Raj
Hi Gurus,
I did file I-140 & I-485 in Eb3 category (Labor substitution) through my old company during 2007 July. My desgination was software engineer with Old company. Now my I-140 is already approved(crossed 180 days) and moved to new big company through AC21 portablity mode during 2009 March. Now I am employed with new company in the senior systems engineer position. This is the typical AC21 case like everyone experienced.
Now My new company is ready to file green card
My Questions are ,
1. Can I file the EB2 LC for this new job in the new company(Senior systems engineer)? Does this qualify for the EB2 category? If it requires the company to have proper job description what is the eligible designtation for EB2 category, other than having BS degree with 5+ years progressive experience?
2. While filing EB2 for this new Job in this new company, can I file AC21 for the EB3(applied from my old company) category as i moved to the new company after 180 days of I-140 approval?
3. Applying for AC21 for EB3 and new EB2 PERM together is valid or any risk involved in this typical case?
Kindly answer these questions.
Thanks,
Raj
Kindly take some time to read and pl. help me providing your expert advice which will make me take a clear decision.
I am working in a Company A currently(not yet resigned). My project got over by last december 31st and on bench with Company A now. They will also not process payroll/paycheck for this month as there is no billing for this month. But so far, i have not yet resigned and they are currently looking for a project for me to place me.
Meanwhile, I got a better placement with Company B and did AC21 with transferring my H1B. H1B visa also got approved with Company B. I started working for them for the last 3 days too.
Since my current company(A) might not like me moving out, I did not let them know until i started in the new company B. Current Company A has not laid me off and asked me to go on loss of pay vacation for this month which i did by sending mail. Now I want to resign after having moved to the company B(4 days overlap)
Questions :
1. Will this create any issue/affect me for being on 2 payroll(overlap) although Company A does not process pay for me this month? I am on I485 after I-140 approved stage.
2. Since I do not have any pay(bench) this month and after all, resigning in the same month, would it put me out of status From Jan1 - Jan 12?
3. I am going to India on vacation with New company Paystubs and I797. Will the US consulate in India look into this 12 days overlap/Gap?. I will have W2 for last year. Paystubs with Company A until Dec 31st and for new company only starting from Jan 12(11 days no pay (Jan 1 - 11) ).
4. Pl. let me know which situation I am in(overlap or Gap)?
Pl. advise me how to approach this situation as you might have commented on these kind of issues many times.
Thanks and Regards,
Raj
Dear Experts,
Kindly take some time to read and pl. help me providing your expert advice which will make me take a clear decision.
I am working in a Company A currently(not yet resigned). My project got over by last december 31st and on bench with Company A now. They will also not process payroll/paycheck for this month as there is no billing for this month. But so far, i have not yet resigned and they are currently looking for a project for me to place me.
Meanwhile, I got a better placement with Company B and did AC21 with transferring my H1B. H1B visa also got approved with Company B. I started working for them for the last 3 days too.
Since my current company(A) might not like me moving out, I did not let them know until i started in the new company B. Current Company A has not laid me off and asked me to go on loss of pay vacation for this month which i did by sending mail. Now I want to resign after having moved to the company B(4 days overlap)
Questions :
1. Will this create any issue/affect me for being on 2 payroll(overlap) although Company A does not process pay for me this month? I am on I485 after I-140 approved stage.
2. Since I do not have any pay(bench) this month and after all, resigning in the same month, would it put me out of status From Jan1 - Jan 12?
3. I am going to India on vacation with New company Paystubs and I797. Will the US consulate in India look into this 12 days overlap/Gap?. I will have W2 for last year. Paystubs with Company A until Dec 31st and for new company only starting from Jan 12(11 days no pay (Jan 1 - 11) ).
4. Pl. let me know which situation I am in(overlap or Gap)?
Pl. advise me how to approach this situation as you might have commented on these kind of issues many times.
Thanks and Regards,
Raj
Hi Gurus,
I did file I-140 & I-485 in Eb3 category (Labor substitution) through my old company during 2007 July. My desgination was software engineer with Old company. Now my I-140 is already approved(crossed 180 days) and moved to new big company through AC21 portablity mode during 2009 March. Now I am employed with new company in a senior systems engineer position. This is the typical AC21 case like everyone experienced.
Now My new company is ready to file green card
My Questions are ,
1. Can I file the EB2 LC for this new job in the new company(Senior systems engineer)? Does this qualify for the EB2 category? If it requires the company to have proper job description what is the eligible designtation for EB2 category, other than having BS degree with 5+ years progressive experience?
2. While filing EB2 for the same job that moved in to the new company, can I file AC21 for the EB3(applied from my old company) category as i moved to the new company after 180 days of I-140 approval?
3. Applying for AC21 for EB3 and new EB2 PERM together is valid or any risk involved in this typical case?
Kindly answer these questions.
Thanks,
Raj
Hi Gurus,
I did file I-140 & I-485 in Eb3 category (Labor substitution) through my old company during 2007 July. My desgination was software engineer with Old company. Now my I-140 is already approved(crossed 180 days) and moved to new big company through AC21 portablity mode during 2009 March. Now I am employed with new company in the senior systems engineer position. This is the typical AC21 case like everyone experienced.
Now My new company is ready to file green card
My Questions are ,
1. Can I file the EB2 LC for this new job in the new company(Senior systems engineer)? Does this qualify for the EB2 category? If it requires the company to have proper job description what is the eligible designtation for EB2 category, other than having BS degree with 5+ years progressive experience?
2. While filing EB2 for this new Job in this new company, can I file AC21 for the EB3(applied from my old company) category as i moved to the new company after 180 days of I-140 approval?
3. Applying for AC21 for EB3 and new EB2 PERM together is valid or any risk involved in this typical case?
Kindly answer these questions.
Thanks,
Raj
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03-04 05:55 PM
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kris04
08-07 08:56 PM
Hi,
Iam trying to explain my employer that it's ok to hire employees with EAD. For some reason they prefer GC or Citizen only. I referred them to the Discrimination clause on I-9 form. Then they told me about their problems hiring EAD.
1) If the Employee is hired on a valid EAD and later during the course of employment the EAD expired, there is no system in place for them to check back with the employee if (s)he has renewed it in a timely manner.
2) If such an employee that has not renewed their EAD and continued their employment beyond expiration without notifying the employer, the company is worried that they may be legally liable for harboring employees with illegal statuses.
Please help me understand if their concerns are valid and if not what is the remedy.
how big is your employer, any decent HR software should have compliance system that can handle this legal status issue
Iam trying to explain my employer that it's ok to hire employees with EAD. For some reason they prefer GC or Citizen only. I referred them to the Discrimination clause on I-9 form. Then they told me about their problems hiring EAD.
1) If the Employee is hired on a valid EAD and later during the course of employment the EAD expired, there is no system in place for them to check back with the employee if (s)he has renewed it in a timely manner.
2) If such an employee that has not renewed their EAD and continued their employment beyond expiration without notifying the employer, the company is worried that they may be legally liable for harboring employees with illegal statuses.
Please help me understand if their concerns are valid and if not what is the remedy.
how big is your employer, any decent HR software should have compliance system that can handle this legal status issue
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neeidd
10-15 11:42 PM
Not sure what they do in the secondary inspection.. In my case they asked no questions at all.. Just asked me to sit and wait while they entered / checked something in their system. I was in and out within 20 mnts.
Thanks for your response
Thanks for your response
more...
abhi_jais
12-03 11:35 PM
I don't think consulate ask details of all employees if size is 5k or more. Further more you can tell officer that it is impossible to get wage details of all employee. I hear some time some desi companies gives w2 of all employees etc.. would consular officer show his/her w2 ? but since our desi companies feeding what they need , they ask what ever...
In this case they did ask for the details of all the employees of the company, probably they want to make sure that the employer has hired some US citizens as well. The company size is about 500-1000 employees. Since they have asked for the employee detail the employer has to provide that information otherwise the employee would not be able to get the visa stamped.
Let's see hoping for the best.
In this case they did ask for the details of all the employees of the company, probably they want to make sure that the employer has hired some US citizens as well. The company size is about 500-1000 employees. Since they have asked for the employee detail the employer has to provide that information otherwise the employee would not be able to get the visa stamped.
Let's see hoping for the best.
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doshhar
09-24 11:37 PM
I am a July 2nd filler and I didn't get any updates yet.
My I-140 got approved from Texas center and my LUD is 08/05.
What are we trying to analyze here?
My I-140 got approved from Texas center and my LUD is 08/05.
What are we trying to analyze here?
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07-21 02:56 PM
Isn't Murthy in the DC Area?
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07-09 11:41 AM
Sorry to burst your bubble but that list is sorted alphabetically.
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ArkBird
07-14 01:29 PM
Still way faster than EB Route! ;)
Check out the visa bulletin. There also the backlog is 12+ years for F4 - India category. So if you apply now....you will get in 2021 !!!
Check out the visa bulletin. There also the backlog is 12+ years for F4 - India category. So if you apply now....you will get in 2021 !!!
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go_guy123
05-22 02:37 PM
Thanks for your Reply.
My Employer is also threatening me that if I ask him for salary then he will lay me off and immediately send me back to India.
can he do like this ?
Yes they need to give you lay off notice officially in paper and give you plane ticket to India.
You can file the complaint and once they give you ticket to India , you can available that to go to India.
In fact H1Bs shouldn't have been approved for your employer in first place. Obviously in your case the client is delaying payment but you employers need to have the
working capital to pay you even if the client is not/delaying payment.
This was a problem/abuse with the small consulting companies aka body shoppers for over a decade now. It seems that USCIS is eventually cracking down on this.
My Employer is also threatening me that if I ask him for salary then he will lay me off and immediately send me back to India.
can he do like this ?
Yes they need to give you lay off notice officially in paper and give you plane ticket to India.
You can file the complaint and once they give you ticket to India , you can available that to go to India.
In fact H1Bs shouldn't have been approved for your employer in first place. Obviously in your case the client is delaying payment but you employers need to have the
working capital to pay you even if the client is not/delaying payment.
This was a problem/abuse with the small consulting companies aka body shoppers for over a decade now. It seems that USCIS is eventually cracking down on this.
more...
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rajenk
03-25 06:08 PM
Try h**p://www.maggio-kattar.com. They are my current employer's immigration attorney and they charged $750 for both mine and my wife's case.
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GreenMe
12-03 11:25 AM
Hello All,
I heard from my employer that many people who are visiting India for H1B Stamping are getting stuck with 221G query. My company lawyers have suggested us to cancel or postpone all the travel plans to India.
Did any of you have any recent stamping experience at Mumbai Consulate? I would appreciate if you can share it on this forum.
Thanks,
GreenMe
I heard from my employer that many people who are visiting India for H1B Stamping are getting stuck with 221G query. My company lawyers have suggested us to cancel or postpone all the travel plans to India.
Did any of you have any recent stamping experience at Mumbai Consulate? I would appreciate if you can share it on this forum.
Thanks,
GreenMe
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Ennada
01-29 11:05 PM
Legalizing unauthorized immigrants would help economy, study says - CNN.com (http://www.cnn.com/2010/POLITICS/01/07/immigration.economy/index.html#cnnSTCText)
Washington (CNN) -- Legalization of the more than 11 million unauthorized immigrants in the United States would raise wages, increase consumption, create jobs and generate more tax revenue, two policy institutes say in a joint report Thursday.
The report by the Center for American Progress and the American Immigration Council estimates that "comprehensive immigration reform that legalizes currently unauthorized immigrants and creates flexible legal limits on future immigration" would yield at least $1.5 trillion in added U.S. gross domestic product over a 10-year period.
"This is a compelling economic reason to move away from the current 'vicious cycle' where enforcement-only policies perpetuate unauthorized migration and exert downward pressure on already low wages, and toward a 'virtuous cycle' of worker empowerment in which legal status and labor rights exert upward pressure on wages," study author Raul Hinojosa-Ojeda writes.
The study looks at three scenarios: deportation of undocumented workers, temporary worker programs and legalization of the current undocumented population. Deportation would lead to a loss of $2.6 trillion in gross domestic product over 10 years, the report says, while a worker program would lead to a gain of $792 billion. Full legalization would lead to the best economic results, the study says.
Other groups, such as the Center for Immigration Studies and the Federation for American Immigration Reform, say that unfettered immigration harms the United States and that entry into the nation must remain limited.
When running for president in 2008, Barack Obama said that comprehensive immigration reform would be a priority in his administration, but the issue has been sidelined by health care reform efforts in Congress, the weak economy and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
There are indications, however, that the Obama administration aims to revive immigration reform efforts in Congress this year.
The study bases many of its conclusions on an examination of what happened after passage of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, which granted legal status to 3 million unauthorized immigrants.
A 2006 Pew Hispanic Center report found that 56 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States in 2005 were from Mexico, a total of about 6.2 million unauthorized immigrants.
About 2.5 million unauthorized migrants, or 22 percent of the total, came from the rest of Latin America, primarily from Central America, the Pew Hispanic Center study found.
Of the remaining illegal immigrants, about 13 percent were from Asia, and 3 percent were from Canada and Europe, the Pew study said.
The report released Thursday says U.S. enforcement efforts -- mainly along the nearly 2,000-mile border with Mexico -- are costly and ineffective.
"The number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States has increased dramatically since the early 1990s despite equally dramatic increases in the amount of money the federal government spends on immigration enforcement," study author Hinojosa-Ojeda writes.
According to the report, the U.S. Border Patrol says its annual budget has increased by 714 percent since 1992, from $326.2 million in fiscal year 1992 to $2.7 billion in fiscal 2009. And the cost ratio of Border Patrol expenditures to apprehensions has increased by 1,041 percent, from $272 per apprehension in 1992 to $3,102 in 2008.
Similarly, the Border Patrol says the number of agents along the border with Mexico has grown by 390 percent, from 3,555 in fiscal 1992 to 17,415 in 2009.
"Yet the unauthorized immigrant population of the United States has roughly tripled in size over the past two decades, from an estimated 3.5 million in 1990 to 11.9 million in 2008," the report says, noting that illegal immigration appears to have declined slightly since 2007 as a result of the global recession.
The report points out that a long-term study conducted by the University of California, San Diego, found that 92 to 98 percent of unauthorized immigrants keep trying to cross the border until they succeed.
Increased enforcement has several unintended consequences, such as making the Southwestern border more lethal by channeling migrants through remote and rugged mountain and desert areas, the study found. The number of border-crossing deaths doubled in the decade after increased border enforcement started, a 2006 Government Accountability Office report said.
An October 2009 report by the American Civil Liberties Union of San Diego & Imperial Counties and Mexico's National Commission of Human Rights estimates that 5,607 migrants died while crossing the border between 1994 and 2008.
Tightened borders also have created new opportunities for people smugglers, who charged an average $2,000 to $3,000 per person in 2006, the study said. Ninety percent of illegal immigrants now hire smugglers, according to the report.
An examination of trends after the 1986 immigration reform law shows that legalization of unauthorized immigrants has benefits, the report says. Legalized workers earned more, moved on to better jobs and invested more in their education so they could get higher pay and better jobs.
A previous study found that "the wages of unauthorized workers are generally unrelated to their actual skill level," Thursday's report said.
"Unauthorized workers tend to be concentrated in the lowest-wage occupations; they try to minimize the risk of deportation even if this means working for lower wages; and they are especially vulnerable to outright exploitation by unscrupulous employers. Once unauthorized workers are legalized, however, these artificial barriers to upward socioeconomic mobility disappear."
Study author Hinojosa-Ojeda is founding director of the North American Integration and Development Center at the University of California, Los Angeles.
The self-described progressive Center for American Progress is a nonpartisan research and educational think tank headed by John Podesta, who was chief of staff for President Bill Clinton.
The Immigration Policy Center, established in 2003, also is a nonpartisan institute.
The report, titled "Raising the Floor for American Workers, The Economic Benefits of Comprehensive Immigration Reform," can be found on the Web.
Washington (CNN) -- Legalization of the more than 11 million unauthorized immigrants in the United States would raise wages, increase consumption, create jobs and generate more tax revenue, two policy institutes say in a joint report Thursday.
The report by the Center for American Progress and the American Immigration Council estimates that "comprehensive immigration reform that legalizes currently unauthorized immigrants and creates flexible legal limits on future immigration" would yield at least $1.5 trillion in added U.S. gross domestic product over a 10-year period.
"This is a compelling economic reason to move away from the current 'vicious cycle' where enforcement-only policies perpetuate unauthorized migration and exert downward pressure on already low wages, and toward a 'virtuous cycle' of worker empowerment in which legal status and labor rights exert upward pressure on wages," study author Raul Hinojosa-Ojeda writes.
The study looks at three scenarios: deportation of undocumented workers, temporary worker programs and legalization of the current undocumented population. Deportation would lead to a loss of $2.6 trillion in gross domestic product over 10 years, the report says, while a worker program would lead to a gain of $792 billion. Full legalization would lead to the best economic results, the study says.
Other groups, such as the Center for Immigration Studies and the Federation for American Immigration Reform, say that unfettered immigration harms the United States and that entry into the nation must remain limited.
When running for president in 2008, Barack Obama said that comprehensive immigration reform would be a priority in his administration, but the issue has been sidelined by health care reform efforts in Congress, the weak economy and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
There are indications, however, that the Obama administration aims to revive immigration reform efforts in Congress this year.
The study bases many of its conclusions on an examination of what happened after passage of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, which granted legal status to 3 million unauthorized immigrants.
A 2006 Pew Hispanic Center report found that 56 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States in 2005 were from Mexico, a total of about 6.2 million unauthorized immigrants.
About 2.5 million unauthorized migrants, or 22 percent of the total, came from the rest of Latin America, primarily from Central America, the Pew Hispanic Center study found.
Of the remaining illegal immigrants, about 13 percent were from Asia, and 3 percent were from Canada and Europe, the Pew study said.
The report released Thursday says U.S. enforcement efforts -- mainly along the nearly 2,000-mile border with Mexico -- are costly and ineffective.
"The number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States has increased dramatically since the early 1990s despite equally dramatic increases in the amount of money the federal government spends on immigration enforcement," study author Hinojosa-Ojeda writes.
According to the report, the U.S. Border Patrol says its annual budget has increased by 714 percent since 1992, from $326.2 million in fiscal year 1992 to $2.7 billion in fiscal 2009. And the cost ratio of Border Patrol expenditures to apprehensions has increased by 1,041 percent, from $272 per apprehension in 1992 to $3,102 in 2008.
Similarly, the Border Patrol says the number of agents along the border with Mexico has grown by 390 percent, from 3,555 in fiscal 1992 to 17,415 in 2009.
"Yet the unauthorized immigrant population of the United States has roughly tripled in size over the past two decades, from an estimated 3.5 million in 1990 to 11.9 million in 2008," the report says, noting that illegal immigration appears to have declined slightly since 2007 as a result of the global recession.
The report points out that a long-term study conducted by the University of California, San Diego, found that 92 to 98 percent of unauthorized immigrants keep trying to cross the border until they succeed.
Increased enforcement has several unintended consequences, such as making the Southwestern border more lethal by channeling migrants through remote and rugged mountain and desert areas, the study found. The number of border-crossing deaths doubled in the decade after increased border enforcement started, a 2006 Government Accountability Office report said.
An October 2009 report by the American Civil Liberties Union of San Diego & Imperial Counties and Mexico's National Commission of Human Rights estimates that 5,607 migrants died while crossing the border between 1994 and 2008.
Tightened borders also have created new opportunities for people smugglers, who charged an average $2,000 to $3,000 per person in 2006, the study said. Ninety percent of illegal immigrants now hire smugglers, according to the report.
An examination of trends after the 1986 immigration reform law shows that legalization of unauthorized immigrants has benefits, the report says. Legalized workers earned more, moved on to better jobs and invested more in their education so they could get higher pay and better jobs.
A previous study found that "the wages of unauthorized workers are generally unrelated to their actual skill level," Thursday's report said.
"Unauthorized workers tend to be concentrated in the lowest-wage occupations; they try to minimize the risk of deportation even if this means working for lower wages; and they are especially vulnerable to outright exploitation by unscrupulous employers. Once unauthorized workers are legalized, however, these artificial barriers to upward socioeconomic mobility disappear."
Study author Hinojosa-Ojeda is founding director of the North American Integration and Development Center at the University of California, Los Angeles.
The self-described progressive Center for American Progress is a nonpartisan research and educational think tank headed by John Podesta, who was chief of staff for President Bill Clinton.
The Immigration Policy Center, established in 2003, also is a nonpartisan institute.
The report, titled "Raising the Floor for American Workers, The Economic Benefits of Comprehensive Immigration Reform," can be found on the Web.
Pagal
12-09 07:55 PM
Hello,
:) Just a clarification around job requirements:
GC is always for a future position, so there is no need for the employer to keep the position (nor to keep it vacant). The employer needs to confirm that the position will be made available to the individual as soon as GC is issued.
If you get the GC and the position is not available, your GC is not in any jeopardy. Once the employer confirms that the position is no longer available, you are free to choose any other job. If you have already waited 4-5 years for GC, the same/similar job requirement also reduces in significance for post GC issued job.
PS: I know a few friends who waited to get their US citizenship and immediately relocated to India! Human mind is strange!! :)
:) Just a clarification around job requirements:
GC is always for a future position, so there is no need for the employer to keep the position (nor to keep it vacant). The employer needs to confirm that the position will be made available to the individual as soon as GC is issued.
If you get the GC and the position is not available, your GC is not in any jeopardy. Once the employer confirms that the position is no longer available, you are free to choose any other job. If you have already waited 4-5 years for GC, the same/similar job requirement also reduces in significance for post GC issued job.
PS: I know a few friends who waited to get their US citizenship and immediately relocated to India! Human mind is strange!! :)
krishna_brc
02-05 11:02 AM
i filed my labor 7 years ago as a programmer, today i am a project manager. I have changed job using ac21 twice, did not inform uscis even once (as its not reqd by law). I am in eb3 india and I have no hopes that uscis will ever get to my application, and even if they did after 5 years from now, I dont care if they issue an RFE and deny my 485 all together. Point I am trying to say is , you cannot spoil your career waiting for this. I changed my job exactly on 6 months and one day after i filed 485. past 2 years i am a PM. I am pretty confident that I would have had atleast 5 years PM experience by the time they reach my application or even more time. After all I want to go back to my home country pretty soon and so did not want to care about all this job title, description etc crap..this is just me..use your own instincts.
Well said eb3retro.
I totally agree with you.
Well said eb3retro.
I totally agree with you.
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